This module entails the understanding of the basic concepts and principles of research. This will guide the students in crafting research proposal in their field of interest to environmental science and related environmental researches.

Each lesson of this module is composed of: module title, module description, the purpose of the module, module guide, module outcomes, module requirements, module pretest, key terms, and learning plan. The learning plan in this module is composed of: Let’s hit these (objectives), wherein the objectives of the lesson are presented; Let’s get started (enabling activity), this portion serve as the motivation of the lesson; Let’s find out (analysis), this part discusses the concepts of the lesson to be easily understood by the students; Let’s read (any readings for enrichment), this suggest the students on the related topics for readings; Let’s remember (summary of the lesson), this serves as the summary of all the concepts learned from the discussion; Let’s do this (formative assessment), an assessment to measure the concepts learned by the students, and Let’s check (answer’s key), the key concepts learned by the students from the assessment.

The lessons of this module aim to enable students to make progress in their research in a structured and systematic way which mainly covered the meaning, nature, and dynamic of research; types of research; identifying the research problem; techniques in writing sections of a research proposal, and everything that is needed by the students in writing research proposal.